RESEARCH PAPER
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
Nephrotoxicity means failure of the excretory function of the kidney due to toxic effects of medication or chemicals. As available drugs are associated with some negative side-effects, it is expedient to look for natural remedies with fewer or no side-effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Shea butter-rich diet on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Material and methods:
Phytochemical analysis was carried out for various phytoconstituents on the Shea butter used for the study. Thirty (30) male white Wistar rats were divided into six groups with five rats in each group. Nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 80mg/kg body weight gentamicin for 7 days. Group 1 received only standard rat chow and water. Group 2 received 80mg/kg body weight gentamicin for 7 days, followed by standard rat chow and water only for 14 days. Group 3 received 80mg/kg body weight gentamicin for 7 day, followed by 20mg/kg body weight furosemide for 14 days. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received 80mg/kg body weight gentamicin for 7 days, followed by varied concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% shea butter rich diet and water for 14 days. After the last dose, blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes.

Results:
Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin, phenol, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, and reducing sugar. Induction of nephrotoxicity was marked by elevated levels of serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate ions). Administration of the Shea butter-rich diet, however, significantly decreased their levels in a dose dependent manner.

Conclusions:
Results of the study showed that Shea butter rich diet was effective in ameliorating gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Habila Albert Obidah, Hauwa Aduwamai Umaru, Nafiu Sani Barau. Effect of Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea butter) rich diet on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in white Wistar rats. J Pre-Clin Clin Res. 2022; 16(1): 1–5. doi: 10.26444/jpccr/146923
 
REFERENCES (35)
1.
Sandiya B, Bryan QR. Renal failure. https://www.statpearls.com/ ArticleLibrary/viewarticle/28355 (access: 2022.01.10).
 
2.
National Kidney Foundation. Celebrate World Kidney Day and keep your kidneys in mind by starting your day with a glass of water. https:// www.kidney.org/news/newsroom/nr/WKD2014-glass-of-water (access: 2022.01.27).
 
3.
International Society of Nephrology. More than 850 million worldwide have some form of kidney disease: help raise awareness. https://www. theisn.org/blog/2020/11/27/more-than-850-million-worldwide-have- some-form-of-kidney-disease-help-raise-awareness (access: 2022.01.10).
 
4.
Bruno C. Gentamicin. https://www.statpearls.com/Art... viewarticle/22211#ref_143468 (access: 2021.12.27).
 
5.
Cerner M. Gentamicin. https://www.drugs.com/mtm/gent... (access: 2022.01.02).
 
6.
Saeed M, Seyed KK, Banafshe D, Manijeh M, Azam H, Seyed MT, Hosseini T, Habib G. Melatonin synergistically enhances protective effect of atorvastatin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidney. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2018; 94(3): 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2....
 
7.
Randjelovic P, Veljkovic S, Stojiljkovic N, Sokolovic D, Ilic I. Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: Current knowledge and future perspectives. EXCLI J. 2017; 16: 388–399. https://dx.doi.org/10.17179%2F....
 
8.
Jado JC, Humanes B, González-Nicolás MA, Camaño S, Lara JM, López B, Cercenado E, García-Bordas J, Tejedor A, Lázaro A. Nephroprotective effect of cilastatin against gentamicin-induced renal injury In vitro and In vivo without altering its bactericidal efficiency. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020; 9(9): 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox....
 
9.
Michela C, Smith TK. A Brief journey into the history of and future sources and uses of fatty acids. Frontiers in nutrition. 2021; 8: 570401. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2....
 
10.
Abdul-mumeen I, Beauty D, Abdulai A. Shea butter extraction technologies: current status and future perspective. African Journal of Biochemistry Research. 2019; 13(2): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.17179/ excli2017-165.
 
11.
Malachi OI. Effects of topical and dietary use of shea butter on animals. American Journal of Life Sciences. 2014; 2(5): 303–307.
 
12.
Dijkstra AJ. Vegetable oils: types and properties. In: Benjamin C, Paul MF, Fidel T, editors. Encyclopedia of food and health. Academic Press; 2016. p. 381–386.
 
13.
Aculey PC, Lowor ST, Winifred OK, Assuah MK. The effect of traditional primary processing of the shea fruit on the kernel butter yield and quality. American Journal of Food Technology. 2012; 7(2): 73–81. https:// dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajft.2012.73.81.
 
14.
Auwal MS, Saka S, Mairiga IA, Sanda KA, Shuaibu A, Ibrahim A. Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa). Veterinary Research Forum. 2014; 5(2): 95–100.
 
15.
Trease GE, Evans WC. Textbook of pharmacognosy. 15th ed. Saunders; 2002. p. 214–393.
 
16.
Singh V, Kumar R. Study of phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Allium sativum of Bundelkhand region. International Journal of Life Sciences Scientific Research. 2017; 3(6): 1451–1458.
 
17.
Uma KS, Parthiban P, Kalpana S. Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of Aavaarai cidhai chooranam. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2017; 10(10): 111–116.
 
18.
Gul R, Jan SU, Syed F, Sherani F, Nusrat Jahan. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Analysis of Alkaloids, and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Plant Extracts from Ephedra intermedia Indigenous to Balochistan. The Scientific World Journal. 2017; 2017: 5873648. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5....
 
19.
Ray A, Kare P, Makwane H, Saxena T, Garg C. Estimation of serum creatinine, serum urea, glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria among apparently healthy adults to assess the renal impairment and its association with body mass index: An observational hospital-based Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical ResearchJPCCR.
 
20.
Habila Albert Obidah, Hauwa Aduwamai Umaru, Nafiu Sani Barau. Effect of Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea Butter) rich diet on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity... study. International Journal of Medical Research and Review. 2020; 8(2): 189–194. https://doi.org/10.17511/ijmrr....
 
21.
Molla MD, Degef M, Bekele A. et al. Assessment of serum electrolytes and kidney function test for screening of chronic kidney disease among Ethiopian Public Health Institute staff members, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nephrol. 2020; 21: 494. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882- 020-02166-0.
 
22.
Desmedt W, Mangelinckx S, Kyndt T, Vanholme B. A phytochemical perspective on plant defense against nematodes. Front Plant Sci. 2020; 11: 602079. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ff....
 
23.
Elekofehinti OO, Iwaloye O, Olawale F, Ariyo EO. Saponins in cancer treatment: current progress and prospects. Pathophysiology. 2021; 28(2): 250–272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ pathophysiology28020017.
 
24.
Nafiu M, Adeyinka A, Taoheed A, Anofi A. Antimalarial activity and biochemical effects of saponin-rich extract of Dianthus basuticus burtt davy in plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Advances in Traditional Medicine. 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s135... 24. Marina R, Vincenzo C, Eleonora G, Roberta B, Antonio P, Annamaria S. Oral administration of tannins and flavonoids in children with acute diarrhea: a pilot, randomized, control-case study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2018; 44(1): 64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052....
 
25.
Hafeji A, Danckwerts MP. Formulation of a topical tannic acid and chitosan gel haemostatic drug delivery system for treatment of wounds and abrasions. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2020; 32(14): 109–119. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2....
 
26.
Yun D, Yoon Sy, Park SJ, Park YJ. The Anticancer effect of natural plant alkaloid Isoquinolines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4): 1653. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22....
 
27.
Jafaar HJ, Isbilen O, Volkan E, Sariyar G. Alkaloid profiling and antimicrobial activities of Papaver glaucum and P. decaisnei. BMC.
 
28.
Research Notes. 2021; 14: 348 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104...- 05762-x.
 
29.
Asif M, Lisa S, Qais N. Exploring the anti-yypertensive properties of medicinal plants and their bioactive metabolites: an extensive review.American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2021; 12(11): 1705–1740. https:// doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2021.1211119.
 
30.
Nogueira JO, Campolina GA, Batista LR, Alves E, Caetano AR, Brandão RM, Nelson DL, Cardoso M. Mechanism of Action of Various Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2021; 368: 9 https://doi.org/10.1093/ femsle/fnab052.
 
31.
Gebru YA, Kim DW, Sbhatu DB, Abraha HB, Lee JW, Choi YB, Kim YH, Kim MK, Kim KP. Comparative analysis of total phenol, total flavonoid and in vitro antioxidant capacity of white and brown teff (Eragrostis tef), and identification of individual compounds using UPLC-qTOF-MS. Food Measure. 2021; 15: 5392–5407. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11694-021-01113-3.
 
32.
Atsamo AD, Songmene AL, Donfack MF, Ngouateu OB, Nguelefack TB, Dimo T. Aqueous extract from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) stem bark ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by.
 
33.
modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Evidence Based Complementary Alternative Medicine. 2021; 5543889. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2021/5543889.
 
34.
George F, Zohar K, Harinder P, Klaus B. The biological action of saponin in animal systems: A review. Britain Journal of Nutrition. 2002; 88(6): 587–605. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn200... 33. Mishra P, Mandlik D, Arulmozhi S, Mahadik K. Nephroprotective role of diosgenin in gentamicin-induced renal toxicity: biochemical, antioxidant, immunological and histopathological approach. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2021; 7(1): 169. https://doi. org/10.1186/s43094-021-00318-z.
 
35.
Xu DP, Li Y, Meng X, Zhou T, Zheng J, Zhang J, Li H. Natural antioxidants in foods and medicinal plants: extraction, assessment and resources. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(1): 96. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fi... Alaa TR, Ahmed E, Sameer EA. Protective effect of celastrol on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. International Journal of Pharmacology. 2020; 16(2): 126–135. https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ ijp.2020.126.135.
 
eISSN:1898-7516
ISSN:1898-2395
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top