Introduction and objective:
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a complex clinical entity with an autoimmune basis. It is considered the most common cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis in children. The incidence of GBS is approximately 0.34 per 100 000 cases annually, with a higher prevalence in the male population. The cause of the incidence is considered to be a complication of infection or vaccination.

Review methods:
The studies cited in the presented review were selected from PUBMED. The key words used for the search included: ‘Guillain-Barré syndrom’, ‘Guillain-Barré treatment’, and ‘Guillain-Barré therapeutic methods’. Articles not written in English, conference abstracts only and duplicated papers were excluded.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
In the 19th century, abnormalities in albimuno-cytological dissection were considered to be the cause, but today diagnostic criteria have evolved. The most important element in the diagnosis of patients is the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and nerve conduction studies. Possible pathogens that may cause symptoms of the disease include viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus, varicella, cytomegalovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. GBS manifests itself with numerous neurological and cardiovascular symptoms, including bilateral limb weakness, facial paralysis or cardiac arrhythmias. Patient treatment includes immunotherapy immediately after diagnosis.

Summary:
GBS is a rapidly progressive and difficult to treat clinical entity. It is important to make a timely diagnosis and immediately implement therapy to reduce the risk of death. Further clinical research is needed to find new therapeutic options for young patients.